Definition
Emesis is the involuntary emptying of stomach content due to contraction of stomach and diaphragm muscles
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Source: alighahary.ca |
Causes
There are too many causes of emesis:Inflammatory causes:
- Gastritis, gastroenteritis, esophagitis
- Pancreatitis
- Hepatitis
- Appendicitis, cholecystitis
- Peritonitis
- Pneumonia, etc. …
Pain:
- Heart infarction
- Gall colic
- Renal colic
- Cephalgia (migraine, cluster cephalgia, etc..
Mechanical disease:
- Ileus
- Stomach outlet stenosis
- Esophageal stenosis etc …
Metabolic:
- Ketoacidosis
- Uremia
Medications:
- Excess alcohol
- Cytostatic medications
- Opiate
Central nervous system:
- Intracranial pressure (tumors, bleeding)
- Meningitis
- Glaucoma
Bleeding:
from stomach or esophagus
Otogenic:
- Vestibular Neuritis
- Meniere disease
Pregnancy
Diagnosis
1. Anamneses2. Laboratory:
- CBC, Creatinine, Natrium, potassium, urea, glucose, BGA etc ..
3. Gastroscopy
4. Head- CT
5. ENT consultation
6. ßHCG
Treatment
- Therapy of the cause disease
- Antiemetics:
- Metoclopramide (Dopamine antagonist)
- Atosil (neuroleptic)
- Dimenhydrinate (antihistamine)
- Granisetron (Serotonin antagonist)
- Dexamethasone
- Scopolamine (Anticholinergic)
Source: Duale Reihe: innere Medicine: 3 Auflage
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