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Cardinal Symptoms in the Gastroenterology: Emesis (Nausea and Vomiting) | Definition, Meaning, Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis & Treatment

Dr. Ayman November 19, 2019

    Definition

    Emesis is the involuntary emptying of stomach content due to contraction of stomach and diaphragm muscles

    Nausea_Vomiting
    Source: alighahary.ca

    Causes

    There are too many causes of emesis:

    Inflammatory causes: 

    • Gastritis, gastroenteritis, esophagitis
    • Pancreatitis
    • Hepatitis
    • Appendicitis, cholecystitis
    • Peritonitis
    • Pneumonia, etc. …

    Pain:

    • Heart infarction
    • Gall colic
    • Renal colic
    • Cephalgia (migraine, cluster cephalgia, etc..

    Mechanical disease:

    • Ileus
    • Stomach outlet stenosis
    • Esophageal stenosis etc …

    Metabolic:

    • Ketoacidosis
    • Uremia

    Medications:

    • Excess alcohol
    • Cytostatic medications
    • Opiate

    Central nervous system:

    • Intracranial pressure (tumors, bleeding)
    • Meningitis
    • Glaucoma

    Bleeding: 
    from stomach or esophagus

    Otogenic:

    • Vestibular Neuritis
    • Meniere disease

    Pregnancy

    Diagnosis

    1. Anamneses
    2. Laboratory:

    • CBC, Creatinine, Natrium, potassium, urea, glucose, BGA etc ..

    3. Gastroscopy
    4. Head- CT
    5. ENT consultation
    6. ßHCG

    Treatment


    • Therapy of the cause disease
    • Antiemetics:
    • Metoclopramide (Dopamine antagonist)
    • Atosil (neuroleptic)
    • Dimenhydrinate (antihistamine)
    • Granisetron (Serotonin antagonist)
    • Dexamethasone
    • Scopolamine (Anticholinergic)

     Source: Duale Reihe: innere Medicine: 3 Auflage 
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    Dr. Ayman

    Posted by: Dr. Ayman

    I’m a resident doctor living in Bremerhaven-Germany, my goal here is to explain medical stuff as easy and practical as possible. My second purpose is to help those who are trying to begin specializing in Germany.About my profession, I’m 30 years old, was born in Syria on 1989, I studied medicine at the University of Aleppo between 2007 and 2013, then I traveled to Germany and began my actual work before about 3 Years. I have got my medicine certificate recognized in Germany after I had made the recognition test and the medical language test.I’m specializing in internal medicine, and then I’ll proceed to gastroenterology, and hopefully endocrinology.I find writing interesting, and it also helps me to keep my information up to date, what we- medical people - need.Let us keep in touch through singing up, and through the contact-form, I will answer your Questions gladly

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